Pattani is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.  The neighboring provinces are (of the southeast to the right) Narathiwat, Yala and Songkhla. 

Pattani is located in the Malayan Peninsula, with the coast of the Gulf of Thailand in the north.  In the southern mountainous landscape with the mountain range of Sankalakhiri, inclusive the Budo-Sungai Quilted the national park, is located in the border to Yala and Narathiwat, protecting the hill the forests with rare vegetation just as the palm of Bangsoon and broken of Takathong, as well as birds as the hornbill.  Namtok Sai Khao in the border with Songkhla and Yala is a park of the forest, notable for the cataract of Sai Khao. 

Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population is Moslem Malayan, composing 88% from to the population.  The Pattani Malayan they are very similar in the ethnic group and the culture to the Malayans of Kelantan, Malaya.